Elements of English Grammar

Elements of English Grammar

1Adjectives are words that modify nouns and pronouns. Adjectives provide answers to “what kind,” “which one,” and “how many”.
Examples (

bold

)

Good

children, the

tall

man, more

rest

2Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Adverbs answer “how,” “when,” and “where”.
Examples (

bold

)
sit

quietly

, come

early

, stop

there

3Conjunctions are words that connect words, clauses, phrases, or sentences.
Examples
and, or, but, because, however, before, after

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

4Interjections are words expressing emotion or something in a sudden way.
Examples
Oh! Ouch! Ah! Yikes!

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

5Nouns refer to persons, places, things, states, or qualities. They are often called “naming words”.
Examples
Carla, zoo, toy, happiness, beauty

Most nouns can be singular or plural.
Examples
Singular: girl, boy, child, pet
Plural: girls, boys, children, pets

6Common Nouns    refer to generic persons, places or things.
Examples: man, cat, state

7Proper Nouns    are the names or titles for people or things. They start with capital (upper case) letters.
Examples

John

, my cat named

Bibi

,

Florida

8Plural Refers to more than one. Examples: toys, pets, children
             

versus

9Singular    Refers to only one. Examples: toy, pet, child

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

10Predicate is the part of the sentence or clause that says what the subject is or isn’t doing. In the sentence “Sam ran”, the subject is

Sam

. The subject is the person, place, or thing that is performing an action. The predicate in this sentence is

ran

and is the action that the subject is performing.

11Prepositions are words that are placed before nouns and pronouns to create phrases that modify nouns, verbs, or adjectives. They connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence.
Examples: at, to, for, about, in, of, from, with

12Pronouns are word that takes the place of a noun.
Examples
She, he, herself, it, this
If we substituted pronouns for the nouns in the sentence “Pass the ball to Sam,” it would read “Pass

it

to

him

.”

13Subjects are the person, place, or thing that is performing an action. In the sentence “Sam ran”, the subject is

Sam

.

14Verbals / Verbids are a word or words used in a sentence as or like a verb. Some types of verbals are participles, infinitives, and gerunds.
Examples
15Participles    : ran, running, thought, thinking
16Infinitives    (the simple form of a verb preceded by to): to

be

, to

sleep

, to

eat

17Gerunds   (verb that ends in -ing and operates as a noun in a sentence):

Running

is fun.

18Verbs are actions words. They represent an action or a state of being.
Examples: run, sleep, eat, exist

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

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